Teachers must create directive word-learning contexts for every word children encounter in the classroom.

Toddlers’ early literacy development is directly tied to their third-grade student literacy outcomes. 

Children’s phases of writing development are influenced by the quantity and quality of opportunities to interact with printmaterial. 

Providing explicit instruction on word meanings in kindergarten is developmentally appropriate.

Music with repetitive lyrics and rhyming refrains will support children’s early phonological awareness

Infants cannot contribute to conversations until their expressive language includes more than a handful of words. 

The four components of literacy teaching and learning are easily, and effectively, incorporated into the dramatic play area ina developmentally appropriate preschool classroom. 

Children are emergent readers and writers once they can read and spell conventionally

Research indicates the value of open-ended play on children’s development diminishes in kindergarten. 

Preschoolers should demonstrate their understanding of syllables prior to being introduced to compound words.