Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for accurate lung auscultation?

The CRNA is preparing to auscultate for heart sounds. Which technique is correct?

During a cardiovascular examination, a student observes pulsations in the neck of a patient positioned at a 45-degree angle. Which of the following characteristics most reliably distinguishes jugular venous pulsations from carotid arterial pulsations?

What is the commonly accepted cutoff for defining tachypnea in a one month old infant?

During a cardiovascular examination, a clinician attempts to palpate the apical impulse. Which of the following steps is most appropriate for accurately locating and assessing the apical impulse?

What is the commonly accepted cutoff for defining tachypnea in a one month old infant?

A 42-year-old man presents with sharp chest pain that worsens when he takes a deep breath or coughs. He denies trauma but reports a recent upper respiratory infection. On examination, breath sounds are reduced at the left base, and there is a pleural friction rub. Which of the following best describes the nature of pleuritic pain?

Your patient reports a cough for the last three months. Your differential diagnoses should include which of the following. 

Which of the following represents normal anatomic and physiologic changes with aging in respiratory function? Select all that apply.

A 58-year-old man presents with fatigue and shortness of breath. On cardiac auscultation, a pansystolic murmur is heard best at the apex and radiates to the axilla. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this murmur?