Caches are important to providing a high-performance memory hierarchy to processors. Below is a list of 32-bit memory address references, given as word addresses.    3, 180, 43, 2, 191   For each of these references, identify the binary address, the tag, and the index given a direct-mapped cache with two-word blocks and a total size of 8 blocks. Also list if each reference is a hit or a miss, assuming the cache is initially empty. Word Address Binary Address (8 Bits is sufficient) Tag Index Hit/Miss 3         180         43         2         191        

How many clock cycles does it take to execute multMemPow2? Show your answer in the pipelining table below.     Cycle # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 lw                                               beq                                               sll                                               addi                                               sw                                               j                                               beq                                               jr                                              

Examine the function prototype and MIPS implementation below.   // sets *value = (*value) * 2^pow using shifting instructions int multMemPow2(int *value, unsigned int pow);   multMemPow2:   1 lw $v0, 0($a0) # load value 2 loop: beq $a1, $0, exit # exit condition 3 sll $v0, $v0, 1 # multiply by 2 4 addi $a1, $a1, -1 # decrement counter 5 sw $v0, 0($a0) # store result 6 j loop 7 exit: jr $ra   We are using a 5 – stage MIPS pipelined datapath with separate I$ and D$ that can read and write to registers in a single cycle. Assume no other optimizations (no forwarding, no branch prediction, etc.). The default behavior is to stall when necessary. Branch checking is done during the Execute stage.   For parts (1)‐(3), let pow=1. When we ask for clock cycles to execute multMemPow2, we mean from the instruction fetch of lw up to and including the write back of jr.   How many instructions are executed in multMemPow2?

Perform the following binary divisions, assuming unsigned integers: 11111101 ÷ 1011

If the floating-point number representation on a certain system has a sign bit, a 3-bit exponent and a 4-bit significand: 1. What is the largest positive and the smallest positive number that can be stored on this system if the storage is normalized? (Assume no bits are implied, there is no biasing, exponents use two’s complement notation, and exponents of all zeros and all ones are allowed.)   2. What bias should be used in the exponent if we prefer all exponents to be non-negative?

What is the primary challenge that organizations face when trying to ensure consistent Quality of Service (QoS) between cloud consumers and cloud providers?

Smithers is evaluating a public cloud provider for his company’s IT infrastructure. During contract negotiations, he discovers that the cloud provider’s security policies differ significantly from his company’s current approach, and the provider will not allow him full administrative control over security settings for the cloud infrastructure. What primary challenge is Smithers facing?

What does AWS strongly recommend regarding the use of AWS account root user credentials?

Marge is setting up access controls for her company’s AWS infrastructure. She wants to ensure that Homer can only view specific S3 buckets, while Bart has full administrative rights to EC2 instances, and Lisa can only access billing information. Which AWS service would allow Marge to implement these different permission levels?

Moe’s current on-premises server often crashes during peak times, After researching cloud services, Moe discovered that cloud platforms can automatically add more computing power during busy periods, he would only pay for what he actually uses, and if one server fails, another one takes over immediately without any downtime. These are the exact features he needs so Moe has begun the process of moving his servers to the cloud. Which combination of cloud characteristics would provide Moe with the specific benefits he is interested in?