According to Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy:

Respond to only one of the two options below. At the top of your response, write either “Option 1” or “Option 2” to clearly indicate which one you have chosen.   Option 1: Labeling theory is one of the most prominent critical theories of crime. Respond to the following prompts about labeling theory: (A) What makes labeling theory different from the rest of the theories we have discussed so far this semester? (2 points) (B) In “The Saints and the Roughnecks,” William Chambliss describes several reasons why the Roughnecks were labeled deviant while the Saints were not. List three of those reasons. (3 points) (C) What impact did the labeling process have on members of each group later in life? Explain in detail how the impact on the Saints was different than the impact on the Roughnecks. (2 points) (D) How would Sampson and Laub apply their developmental model to the details presented about the Saints and the Roughnecks? In particular, describe how they would apply the concepts of transitions and trajectories to the Saints and the Roughnecks. (3 points)   OR   Option 2: Social learning theories gained influence within criminology in the mid-20th century. Respond to each of the following prompts about social learning theories: (A) Differential association theory is one of the most prominent social learning theories. What are the basic assumptions of differential association theory, and how does it explain why people do or do not commit crime? (3 points) (B) How does differential association theory differ from Hirschi’s social bonding theory? (2 points) (C) Howard Becker’s writing on marijuana users fits within the differential association paradigm. Describe the three steps in the social learning process through which novice users become regular users? (3 points) (D) According to Becker, what types of social control must be overcome if one is to become a regular marijuana user? How are they overcome? (2 points)

Which of the following pedigrees (a, b, or c) is NOT possible with an X-linked trait, where a genetic condition is caused by a recessive allele?

Which of the following are not key success factors associated with Netflix, as discussed in the lecture video?

The documentary “The House I Live In” addresses President Richard Nixon’s role in:

Which of the following is consistent with Cooley’s theory of the looking-glass self?

The excuses and justifications that allow one to engage in crime by alleviating one’s guilt about violating the rules are called:

The term_________ refers to the process of providing management with accurate forecasts of trends that relate to external changes in geographic areas where the firm is currently doing business or considering setting up operations.

In the context of the CSA-FSA matrix, quadrant 1 firms_________.

The_________ strategy is a strategy that identifies, targets, adapts, and responds to needs among the lowest income consumer segments.