Ignoring the compression reinforcement will have a significant effect on elastic stress and deflection analyses.

With time, concrete frames shorten due to creep, while brick exteriors expand due to an increase in moisture content above their kiln-dried condition.

A beam is singly reinforced with the reinforcement in two rows. The bottom row contains 10 No. 7 bars at a depth of 18 in. The top row contains 6 No. 5 bars at a depth of 14.5 in. Determine the effective (centroidal) depth, d, of the steel.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 16 in., h = 30 in., and d = 27.5 in. It is reinforced with three No. 6 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 7,000 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam).

What happens once the crack pattern has stabilized and the member is loaded further?

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 16 in., h = 28 in., and d = 25.5 in. It is reinforced with two No. 5 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 6,100 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the modulus of rupture of the concrete, fr.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 18 in., h = 30 in., and d = 27.5 in. It is reinforced with five No. 8 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 2,500 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the assumed modulus of elasticity of the concrete, Ec.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 26 in., and d = 23.5 in. It is reinforced with three No. 5 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 6,100 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the transformed cross-sectional area of the bars, Ast.

What are the two easiest ways to reduce deflections?

A simply supported beam with dimensions of b = 18 in., h = 26 in., d = 23.5 in., and L = 20 ft supports a uniform service (unfactored) dead load of 1.7875 kips/ft including its own self weight plus a uniform service (unfactored) live load of 1.0 kips/ft. The beam is reinforced with five No. 8 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 7,300 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the effective moment of inertia, Ie.The cracked moment Mcr = 108.3 kip-ft, and the maximum applied bending moment due to the combined service loads (dead plus live) Ma = 139.4 kip-ft. The neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam) is 6.6383 in.