Analgesia from rTMS over the dlPFC is blocked by the opioid antagonist .

Local anesthetics work by enhancing potassium channel activity in spinal neurons.

NSAIDs reduce pain by inhibiting the enzyme , which produces prostaglandins.

NSAIDs reduce pain by inhibiting the enzyme , which produces prostaglandins.

Descending modulation contributes to stress-induced analgesia by engaging brainstem opioid circuits.

Which of the following best describes the role of CB1 receptors in descending pain modulation?

Why are peripherally-restricted CB1 agonists being developed?

cells in the RVM decrease firing before a nocifensive response and are antinociceptive.

Why are peripherally-restricted CB1 agonists being developed?

Which condition is most likely to involve increased on-cell activity and reduced off-cell firing in the RVM?