What static compliance and airway resistance is associated with successful weaning?

What is the most common reason for weaning failure?

Patients are not considered ventilator dependent until at least 3 months of ventilator weaning attempts failed.

Dr. Wassarman discovered a genetic suppressor of A-T in his fly model of the disease.   What is the genotype of the suppressor? Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct genotype below.  A. stringmutant / stringwild-type (non-mutant) B. stringmutant / stringmutant C. stringwild-type (non-mutant) / stringwild-type (non-mutant) D. P35mutant / P35wild-type (non-mutant) E. P35mutant / P35mutant   Be careful when you mark your selection because the order of the letters might be mixed-up.

Consider the graph below.   What is the best conclusion from these data?

In class we discussed a paper by Cao et al. that reported on a forward genetic screen designed to find gene mutations that cause age-dependent neurodegeneration. Consider the following two figures from this paper: What conclusion can you draw from these two experiments.

Over-expressing a voltage-gated potassium channel gene (Kcna1) reduces neuronal excitability and can suppress seizures in rodent models of epilepsy. Recently, researchers demonstrated that they could suppress seizures if they over-expressed Kcna1 using CRISPR technology. Based on what you know about CRISPR technology, what did they deliver to cells?

Adolescent rats and humans that experience intermittent alcohol exposure are at greater risk of developing anxiety later in life. When mice are intermittently administered high levels of ethanol during adolescence, what happens to histone acetylation in the Arc enhancer region? In order to decrease anxiety, scientists injected viruses carrying CRISPR components into a brain region associated with anxiety (the amygdala) in mice that had experienced intermittent alcohol exposure in adolescence. What CRISPR components did they inject?

Select True or False for each possible answer. The Cao et al. paper that we discussed in class reported on a forward genetic screen of fly brains for age-dependent neurodegeneration. Experiments in this paper led to: the discovery that mutant dnr-1 is neuroprotective. the discovery that over-expressing AMPs in either glia or neurons rescues the neurodegeneration caused by dnr-1 mutations. a discovery that supports the role of the innate immune system in age-dependent neurodegeneration.

Relish is the transcription factor that increases the transcription of Anti-Microbial Peptide (AMP) gene expression in flies. You want to use RNAi to decrease the expression of relish in photoreceptor neurons to see if this modifies neurodegeneration in the fly model of Alzheimer’s disease we discussed in class. You will use the Gal4-UAS system and make transgenic flies. You have the following DNA sequences: The Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS) The Gal4 sequence (GAL4) A “promoter” sequence that is used only in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons (GMR)  A transgene that encodes an RNAi against Drosophila relish A transgene that encodes a mutant version of human tau (tauV377M) Arrange these sequences in the genomes of the two flies shown below so that neither fly expresses relish RNAi or tauV377M, but when mated, these flies can generate progeny that express RNAi against relish and tauV377M only in photoreceptors. Match the DNA sequence listed above with the letter of the correct box below. The UAS sequence will be used twice. I’ve filled in one box for you already.  The DNA sequence in box 1 would be The DNA sequence in box 2 would be The DNA sequence in box 3 would be                       The DNA sequence in box 4 would be The DNA sequence in box 5 would be If you wanted to change the expression of relish and tau to all cells of the brain, which sequence would you need to change?