Identify the action/function of each cranial nerve and integrate injury to nerve with clinical presentation.

A 59-year-old man presents with progressive weakness in the hands and legs. He has muscle atrophy and fasciculations in the arms, hyperreflexia in the legs, and no sensory deficits. He was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Which of the following best explains his pattern of paralysis?

A 45-year-old woman presents after being struck in the forehead with a heavy object. She has periorbital bruising (“raccoon eyes”) and clear fluid dripping from her nose that tests positive for glucose. Which calvarial fracture is most consistent with her presentation?

A patient with a large left frontal lobe mass develops weakness in the right lower extremity. Imaging reveals medial shift of the cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri. Which vessel is most likely compressed?

A 38-year-old woman presents with rapidly progressive ascending flaccid paralysis following a respiratory infection, which. Reflexes are absent. She is alert and cranial nerves are intact. She was subsequently diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which of the following is most consistent with her diagnosis?

A man with a history of infertility undergoes ultrastructural examination of his sperm, revealing normal heads but absence of flagella. Which specific step of spermiogenesis is likely impaired?

A 58-year-old woman presents with left-sided facial paralysis, hearing loss, and ataxia. On exam, she has decreased pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body and left side of the face. Where is the lesion most likely located?

A lesion affecting the hypoglossal canal results in tongue deviation toward the side of the lesion. Which cranial nerve is involved, and what is its type?

A 62-year-old patient with a traumatic brain injury becomes progressively obtunded. Neurologic exam reveals a dilated right pupil unresponsive to light and left-sided hemiparesis. What type of herniation is most likely?

9. What is Wheatley’s main message in this poem?