One advantage of increasing a disk’s rotational speed is reducing the seek time of I/O operations.

Using para-virtualization can slow down memory translation for a guest OS.

You see a segment with the following set of writes    block 100:  block 101: block 102:  block 103:  block 104:   What could be the contents of YYY in the above segment?

Which of the P6 RAID modes could increase write performance over a non-RAID filesystem by using concurrency?

Checkpointing is the process of creating a journal transaction before making any changes to the rest of the file system.

You use a log-based SSD to hold your data.  The SSD has 3 blocks with 10 pages per block.  Each page holds a single character.  The SSD has been used for a while and the current state of the SSD is shown below.  The diagram for the SSD contains the following items: FTL mapping logical pages to physical pages block numberpage number (2 lines)state of each page (valid, Erased, or invalid)data stored at each pagean indicator(+) if a page is currently live (has an entry in the FTL)Current State of SSD: FTL     1:  6   2: 10   5:  2   7:  1         8: 20   9:  4  12: 16  13:  9        15: 12  17: 17  18:  5  29: 13        19: 11  20: 14  21: 15  23:  3        24: 18  25:  0  27:  8  28:  7 Block 0          1          2          Page  0000000000 1111111111 2222222222       0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 State vvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvv vEEEEEEEEE Data  Ih7tj3UYbK 34quFTEPXg H          Live  ++++++++++ +++++++++  +           Operations that the OS may perform are:write(Logical Address, Data) – storing the data at the logical address read(Logical Address) – reading the data from the logical address trim(Logical Address) – deleting the data from the logical address

Linux CFS picks the process with the smallest vruntime when scheduling.

Assuming we have the imap cached in memory and have a LFS with that looks like the following: how many disk I/Os do we need to perform to read the contents of the directory “/”?   block 0: Checkpoint region: imap -> 3block 1:  block 2:  block 3:

All the blocks in a given segment will be garbage or live in LFS.

Direct Memory Access (DMA) orchestrates the transfer of data between main memory and  devices without much CPU intervention.