Questions 1-5. Please fill in the blank below with the corresponding structures indicated below in the diagram: Please ignore the fact that the fragments are colored blue and green. The coloration has no significance to this question. Also, please don’t forget to answer question 6!  1. Lagging strand= 2. A single Okazaki fragment= 3. 5′ end of fragment labeled “D”= 4. Replication fork=     5. How many primers are required to replicate all of the DNA fragments in the above diagram (include both lagging and leading strand)?=

This course is online and asynchronous, meaning there are no assigned meeting times.  While you can study at your own pace and preferred time, you are still expected to meet assigned milestones/due dates throughout the semester.

The researchers Hershey and Chase conducted an experiment where they radioactively labeled the proteins of a T2 phage with 35 In a separate treatment, they labeled the DNA of a T2 phage with 32P. They allowed the labeled T2 phage to infect E. coli and then agitated the cells so that the phage would fall off of the cells. The cells were then spun down to the bottom of the tubes.   When the proteins were labeled, did the researchers see radioactivity in the pelleted cells or the supernatant?  When the DNA was labeled, did the researchers see radioactivity in the pelleted cells or the supernatant?  What conclusion did Hershey and Chase draw from this experiment?

For each of the following prokaryotic enzymes, describe their function and the role they play during DNA replication: Helicase, DnaA, Telomerase, DNA Polymerase I, DNA Polymerase III, primase.

Researchers studying nucleosome structure determined the size of the core DNA to be ~150 base pairs and the linker DNA to be 50 base pairs long. In an experiment to determine the size of the core DNA and linker DNA, researchers isolated chromatin in the “beads-on-a-string” state and divided the isolated chromatin into two batches. To one batch, the researchers performed a brief nuclease treatment on the DNA, separated the DNA from the histones and ran the DNA out on a gel. When researchers performed the short nuclease treatment, did the DNA fragments contain core DNA, linker DNA or both core and linker DNA? How long were the fragments when they ran the nuclease-treated DNA out on a gel?   To the second batch of chromatin, the researchers performed a long nuclease treatment which chewed away any DNA that was not protected by the histone proteins. They then separated the DNA from the histones and ran out the DNA on a gel.  When researchers performed the long nuclease treatment, did the DNA fragments contain core DNA, linker DNA or both core and linker DNA? How long were the fragments when they ran the nuclease-treated DNA out on a gel?

Please read the paragraph regarding transcription termination and fill in the blanks with words from the word bank below (not all of the words will be used): There are two known mechanisms of transcription termination in prokaryotes. One mechanism requires a protein complex called . This protein complex binds to the , which is located on the RNA that is being transcribed. This protein complex then moves toward the stalled RNA polymerase complex and unwinds the RNA from the DNA. A second mechanism for termination in prokaryotes requires an RNA termination sequence that contains a secondary structure called a followed by a string of nucleotides. Transcription termination for RNA Polymerase II in eukaryotes happens when the termination consensus sequence, , is transcribed leading to cleavage of the mRNA 11-30 nucleotides downstream of the termination sequence. Once cleavage occurs, binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA that is still attached to the RNA polymerase/DNA complex and degrades the remaining mRNA. This leads to the dissociation of the RNA polymerase from the DNA.

When considering the human form in ancient Egyptian murals or relief carvings, every part had to be represented ____.

The textbook title is Understanding Art.

54) If a food tastes sour, it is likely due to the presence of:

The size of the domestic dog genome is 2.4 billion (2.4 x 109) base pairs in length. Approximately how many nucleosomes would you expect to be in an average dog genome? Approximately how many copies of histone H2A protein you would find per dog genome? *for both quesitons assume the core DNA + linker DNA=200 bp