Reciprocity is Sykes’s term for when officers become indebted to inmates and return favors.

The prisoners’ rights era of the 1970s gave way to the “due deference” era of today, where courts are more apt to defer to prison officials.

There is a growing recognition that some misconduct of correctional officers may be due to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Which of the following about probation is FALSE?

Probation officers have the power to send noncompliant probationers to jail or prison to serve the remainder of their punishments.

In some states, consensual sex between a correctional officer and an inmate is a felony because inmates are presumed not able to give full consent.

According to the text, only approximately 1 percent of investigations into attorney misconduct result in disbarment.

Ex parte conversations are a way of avoiding the perception of bias.

The ethics of care is consistent with restorative justice.

Prevention goals of punishment (deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation) are consistent with: