In local anesthetic dissociation, tissues with a low pH would have what effect on the solution?

You have a patient scheduled for root planing and scaling which will require local anesthetic. Upon review of their health history you discover they have epilepsy. What should you know about this condition related to the procedures planned for today?

Which of the following  has the most vasodialating properties?

Your 155lb healthy patient is having their first premolars extracted for orthodontics. The dentist has administered 4 carpules of Articaine 4% 1:100,000 and bilateral MSA and MI injections. The mandibular first premolars are not profoundly anesthetized. He asks you to come “back up the patient with anesthetic” for him. How many more carpules of the same anesthetic can you safely administer?

When compared to the GG injection which of the following nerve blocks anesthetize the same structures?

What is length of a long 25 gauge needle, approximately?

You have just completed injections and you are quickly sharpening your instrument while your patient gets numb. When you look back at your patient they are very swollen in the upper cheek area above the injection and they are complaining of some pain and soreness in the injection area. What is most likely the cause and how would you manage this complication?

All of the following are initial symptoms a patient may have if they received a toxic dose of anesthetic EXCEPT one, which one is the exception?

All of the following are reasons to include a vasoconstrictor, EXCEPT one.  Which one is the EXCEPTION?

What is the optimal depth for the IANB?