What happens when a star can no longer fuse hydrogen into helium in the core?

Which of the following can be used as standard candles for determining distance?

The absolute magnitude of a star is defined to be the apparent magnitude that the star would have if it were at a standard distance of _____ parsec(s).

Which of the following can be used as standard candles for determining distance?

Select the correct location for the dwarf planets in the solar system

Which is the classification given to a galaxy with a small nuclear bulge, and loosely wound arms with no bar through the nuclear bulge?  

The masses of stars are determined through the study of?

Label the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere using the diagram below

A star’s lifetime, luminosity, and eventual fate is determined by

What would happen to the Earth if the sun suddenly became a black hole? (ignore the temperature change)