Hai has been taking expensive beta-carotene supplements for…

Hai has been taking expensive beta-carotene supplements for years because he believes they will reduce his risk of cancer. Hai has just learned that a well-controlled study published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine showed that beta-carotene supplements do not reduce cancer risk. Hai is probably experiencing

Frida’s grades have slipped because she’s had a tough semest…

Frida’s grades have slipped because she’s had a tough semester. She really needs a good grade in psychology to get off academic probation. On this psychology quiz, Frida is tempted to cheat, but she decides not to. Which of the following pairs of cognitions best reflects the source of any dissonance Frida might experience while deciding not to cheat?

George thinks of himself as an honest person until his broth…

George thinks of himself as an honest person until his brother reminds him that he’s been known to keep extra change given to him by a cashier and to stock his home office for a sideline business with supplies taken from his job. George is now probably feeling a sense of discomfort known as

Scott believes very strongly that saccharine is an unsafe su…

Scott believes very strongly that saccharine is an unsafe sugar substitute that may even cause cancer. Even though Scott is diabetic, and thus should be using sugar substitutes, he often opts for sugar-laden foods and drinks to avoid saccharine. “I’ll just exercise more later; the sugar isn’t a big deal. I’m really being healthier by avoiding saccharine,” he thinks to himself. Scott’s behavior and thoughts are examples of ________ in the face of cognitive dissonance.