[example continued…] Liam’s  Test                        …

Liam’s  Test                                                 Emma’s Test   Liam’s Score: 90                                          Emma’s Score: 93 Class Average: 84                                       Class Average: 85 Standard Deviation: 2.5                               Standard Deviation: 4   Convert Liam’s score into a score on Emma’s test: 

[example continued…] I’m interested in whether the playing…

I’m interested in whether the playing of prosocial video games in children influences helping behavior.  To answer this question, I randomly assign children into 3 conditions: In Condition 1, children are given a prosocial video game to play (Prosocial Video Game condition), in Condition 2, children are given a violent video game to play (Violent video game condition), and in Condition 3, children are not given any video games to play (No video game condition).  Afterwards, I measure their helping behavior. In this example, one of the conditions is

[example continued…] A researcher is interested in underst…

A researcher is interested in understanding the social media habits of college students in California. To answer this question, the researcher conducts an online survey of 500 college students in the Sacramento Region. On average they spend 6 hours a week on social media.   In this example, the 6 hours a week reported by the college students in the Sacramento Region is an example of a _________.

[example continued…] I’m interested in whether the playing…

I’m interested in whether the playing of prosocial video games in children influences helping behavior.  To answer this question, I randomly assign children into 3 conditions: In Condition 1, children are given a prosocial video game to play (Prosocial Video Game condition), in Condition 2, children are given a violent video game to play (Violent video game condition), and in Condition 3, children are not given any video games to play (No video game condition).  Afterwards, I measure their helping behavior. In this example, control is achieved by

Let’s say that there is a relationship between cognitive abi…

Let’s say that there is a relationship between cognitive abilities and social interaction. Researcher A believes that problems with cognitive abilities causes problems in the development of social interaction.  By contrast, Researcher B believes that problems in social interaction causes problems in the development of cognitive abilities.  If a proper experiment has not been conducted, then we cannot determine which of these hypotheses is correct. This is a classic example of the