Prior to the 1960s, African American police officers employed by the NYPD were assigned only to African American neighborhoods and were not assigned to specialized, high-profile units.

Courts have typically supported minimum height and weight requirement for applicants to police forces.

The first state police agency was the Texas Rangers.

Section 1983 of Title 42 of the U.S. Code was originally enacted by Congress as a means of enforcing the ____________________ Amendment guarantee of rights to the newly freed slaves.

In 2004, researchers Zhao and Thurman reported that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs were related to significant reductions in local crime rates for both violent and nonviolent offenses in cities with populations greater than 10,000.

In 1857, which Republican-controlled state police force took over the existing Democrat-controlled police force in New York City?

The entire criminal justice system is based on the concept of discretion.

What is considered a “learning position” for potential police candidates while they are pursuing their education?

The growing popularity of less-than-lethal weapons (LTLW) by police officers in the United States virtually ensures their increased use in the law enforcement community.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 covered hiring, promotion, compensation, dismissal, and all other terms or conditions of employment.