Upload an image of your drawings.   One of the intermediates in the biosynthesis of epinephrine is the amino acid L-dopa, which has two phenolic OH groups at the 3 and 4 positions of the benzene ring of Phe. Following the PLP mediated decarboxylation of L-dopa, the side chain alkyl group is hydroxylated to form the hormone norepinephrine. The final step in the biosynthesis of epinephrine is N-methylation of norepinephrine to form epinephrine by SAMe (S-adenosy methionine). Outline the series of reactions that would take a carbon atom from either Ser or Gly and deliver it as a methyl group to norepinephrine to form epinephrine. Show all necessary cofactors. You may use names, structures, or acceptable abbreviations. (4 pts.) Following the transfer of a methyl group, SAMe is converted to homocysteine. High levels of homocysteine in the blood have been correlated with coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, neural tube defects, and dementia in the elderly. Homocysteine can react with Ser with the loss of water to form cystathionine. Cystathionine is cleaved to form Cys and α-ketobutyrate in a PLP dependent reaction. Show the series of reactions that converts 

Upload an image of your drawings. About 30% of Thr in humans is degraded by the threonine dehydratase reaction. This reaction is parallel to the serine dehydratase reaction. The product of this Thr reaction is α – ketobutyrate (CH3CH2COCO2-). Write out the mechanism for this reaction. 

Mini case study: Alex is a 15-year-old Caucasian male, who is unable to perform strenuous exercise because he lacks the enzyme to effectively breakdown glycogen in the muscles. Alex’s blood was tested for alanine content. In a normal person, you would expect that blood alanine would increase during strenuous anaerobic exercise. But in Alex’s blood samples, there is a decrease in alanine concentration, leading you to believe that Alex’s muscle cells are taking up alanine rather than releasing it. Why would blood alanine concentrations increase in a normal person? (2 pts.) Hint: Think of the muscle fuel supply, the connection between pyruvate and alanine, and the role of nitrogen metabolism in the liver as well as, the liver’s role in gluconeogenesis.  Why do blood alanine concentrations decrease in Alex? (2 pts.)

Three α -ketoacids, a 3-C atom pyruvate, a 4-C atom oxaloacetate, and a 5-C atom α-ketoglutarate, are found in the glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle. Give three metabolic fates (name or abbreviation of end product or pathway) of the 3-carbon acid. Give three metabolic fates (name or abbreviation of end product or pathway) of the 4-carbon acid.

A 20-year-old man was stabbed in the chest with a jackknife (pocket knife) with a blade five centimeters long. The stab wound in the left fourth intercostal space was approximately two centimeters lateral to the body of the sternum. What chamber of the heart would likely be injured?

Who is the publisher of the required textbook for this course? 

 Use Laplace transforms to solve the IVP:

The matrix  

 Suppose  the position (measured in meters) of a  mass on a spring, x(t),  is modeled by the ODE:  . When x(t)>0 the spring is stretched, and the spring is compressed when x(t). Answer parts (a)(b)(c) a)  Solve for  the position of the mass x(t) b)  How far does the mass get from the equilibrium position? c) Keeping the initial position at x(0) = 0, what initial velocity would you have to give in order to make the mass get exactly 10 meters away from the equilibrium position before it turns around and heads back to the equilibrium position? That is, you need to determine what x'(0) needs to be to achieve this.  Hint: you first need to determine how the amplitude depends on x'(0). 

Name the seven tools of quality control typically used in process improvement. Could all of these tools be applied to service operations? Suggest some possible service operations scenarios wherein we could apply all/some of these tools.