From the textbook: The “most profound effect” of the Hundred Years War on the English “was to make a bankrupt Crown dependent on ______.”

At the Council of Whitby (664), Celtic and Catholic monks debated the merits of their respective branches of Christianity before King Oswy. The king adopted Catholicism for he was persuaded by the doctrine of ____.

By the end of the 14th century, it was expected that all grants for _______ had to originate in the Commons. 

From the textbook: “The catastrophe of Bouvines made _____ inevitable.”

In 1376, the Commons exercised one of its most important judicial functions, the right to _______.

The villeins labeled geburs constituted the lowest level of human gradations in Anglo-Saxon society.

On multiple occasions, John abused feudal obligations by charging scutage, _________. 

The loss of French land was momentous; it re-directed the crown’s interests in extraordinary and irrevocable ways. English kings were no longer ‘absentee’ monarchs, spending months and years away on the continent. Henceforth, they were forced to focus on England.

Art is what

The French king, _____, took advantage to the fullest of the independence or rebelliousness (your choice of views) of Henry’s sons.