(02.01 MC)This question refers to the following excerpt.”Made in the month of September last between the colony of Canada, the savages its allies, and the Iroquois in a general assembly of the chiefs of each of these nations convened by Monsieur the Chevalier de Callière, governor and lieutenant-general for the King in New France, at Montreal on August 4, 1701.As only the deputies of the Huron and the Odawa were here last year when I made peace with the Iroquois for myself and all my allies, I deemed it necessary to send the Sieur de Courtemanche and the Reverend Father Enjalran to all the other nations, my allies, who were absent, to inform them of what had happened and to invite them to send each one’s chiefs with the Iroquois prisoners they held in order to hear my words all together.”Source: from The Great Peace of Montreal (1701), in which a representative for each of nine indigenous groups assented to de Callière’s termsThe excerpt illustrates that the French

(01.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Almost every year, from 1581 onward, the mariners of the Netherlands strove, by east and by west, to pass the barrier that America interposed between them and the Eastern trade they coveted…They would not be hurried; they took their time to think it over, as Dutchmen will; but at length they conceived an immense project for acquiring all the trade, or the best part of it, of both the West and the East…In 1609, quite inadvertently, Henry Hudson discovered it…received a visit from some Indians with native commodities to exchange for knives and beads…They were affable, but untrustworthy, stealing what they could lay their hands on, and a few days later shooting arrows at a boatload of seamen from the ship, and killing one John Colman. Hudson went ashore, and was honored with dances and chants; upon the whole, the impression mutually created seems to have been favorable.”Source: Julian Hawthorne, from The History of the United States from 1492 to 1910, V1Hudson’s experience is typical of Dutch interaction with Native Americans in that it was

(02.03 LC)The Yamasee and Creek peoples

(03.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”There are several circumstances in the situation, employments, and duties of women, in America, which require a peculiar mode of education. The early marriages of our women, by contracting the time allowed for education, renders it necessary to contract its plan, and to confine it chiefly to the more useful branches of literature. The state of property, in America, renders it necessary for the greatest part of our citizens to employ themselves, in different occupations, for the advancement of their fortunes. This cannot be done without the assistance of the female members of the community. They must be the stewards, and guardians of their husbands’ property. That education, therefore, will be most proper for our women which teaches them to discharge the duties of those offices with the most success and reputation. principal share of the instruction of children naturally devolves upon the women. It becomes us therefore to prepare them by a suitable education, for the discharge of this most important duty of mothers. The equal share that every citizen has in the liberty, and the possible share he may have in the government, of our country, make it necessary that our ladies should be qualified to a certain degree by a peculiar and suitable education, to concur in instructing their sons in the principles of liberty and government.” Source: Benjamin Rush, from Thoughts upon Female Education, 1787According to this excerpt, why was the education of women so critical to America?

(03.06 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Art. 3. Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them.”Source: The Northwest Ordinance, 1787Why did the United States enact the Northwest Ordinance, with regard specifically to admitting new states in the 1780s?

(01.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Almost every year, from 1581 onward, the mariners of the Netherlands strove, by east and by west, to pass the barrier that America interposed between them and the Eastern trade they coveted…They would not be hurried; they took their time to think it over, as Dutchmen will; but at length they conceived an immense project for acquiring all the trade, or the best part of it, of both the West and the East…In 1609, quite inadvertently, Henry Hudson discovered it…received a visit from some Indians with native commodities to exchange for knives and beads…They were affable, but untrustworthy, stealing what they could lay their hands on, and a few days later shooting arrows at a boatload of seamen from the ship, and killing one John Colman. Hudson went ashore, and was honored with dances and chants; upon the whole, the impression mutually created seems to have been favorable.”Source: Julian Hawthorne, from The History of the United States from 1492 to 1910, V1Hudson’s experience is typical of Dutch interaction with Native Americans in that it was

(02.01 MC)This question refers to the following excerpt.”French pirates or corsairs, a nuisance in times of peace, had become a menace to Spanish shipping and to the Spanish economy as relations between France and Spain deteriorated in the 1550s. In 1556–60, the Crown’s revenue from the New World fell to half of its levels in the previous years, with much of the treasure stolen by French corsairs who preyed on Spanish vessels along the sea lanes that connected Spain and the Caribbean. For Spain’s homeward-bound mariners, one of those sea lanes lay along the Atlantic Coast of North America…A Spanish base on the Florida coast, then, would help protect the homebound silver fleets.”Source: David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992The issue described in the excerpt led to which of the following events?

(03.02 MC)Which of the following is an example of how the Constitution addressed a flaw of the Articles of Confederation?

(05.03 MC)Question refers to the map below.Public DomainHow does this map illustrate the relationship between the election of 1860 and Southern secession?

(05.01 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”We have not sought to extend our territorial possessions by conquest, or our republican institutions over a reluctant people. It was the deliberate homage of each people to the great principle of our federative union. If we consider the extent of territory involved in the annexation, its prospective influence on America, the means by which it has been accomplished, springing purely from the choice of the people themselves to share the blessings of our union, the history of the world may be challenged to furnish a parallel…We may rejoice that the tranquil and pervading influence of the American principle of self-government was sufficient to defeat the purposes of British and French interference…From this example European Governments may learn how vain diplomatic arts and intrigues must ever prove upon this continent against that system of self-government which seems natural to our soil, and which will ever resist foreign interference.”Source: James Polk, from the State of the Union Address, December 2, 1845Through the Mexican-American War that followed soon after these remarks, it is evident that “the people themselves” referred only to