Which statement correctly describes the ARCH model’s variance structure?

Which statements accurately characterize why heteroskedasticity models (ARCH/GARCH) are introduced for certain time series?

Which of the following is correct about incorporating volatility clustering into an ARMA residual process?

Which of the following best describes how univariate AR(pp) causality relates to stability in the VAR(pp)?

Which are valid features or requirements of a Structural VAR?

Which statements reflect important conditions or implications for a stationary multivariate time series?

Part A: MC Questions (13 Points)

Which statement is correct about an ARCH(qq) process with time‐varying conditional variance?

Cyberbullying can be worse than traditional bullying because it:

In the information-processing framework, _____ memory is the process of transforming material into information that can later be remembered.