BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q3: Dr. Otto Warburg proposed that cancer cells have an altered metabolism, one that is much more reliant on glycolysis for ATP production, which explains their ability to grow and metastasize. In the 80 years since the “Warburg Hypothesis” was presented, we have learned a lot about the biochemistry of cancer. The following 6 questions are focused on these findings. Another phenotype of many cancer cells is the overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1), the enzyme responsible for phosphorylating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This increase in PDK1 activity would result in which of the following?

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q50: Repeating reactions 1 through 4 will ultimately yield ____________.

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q35: A 7 month-old baby presented with poor sucking ability and loss of head control and motor skills.  He had poor appetite, vomited frequently, cried continuously, and suffered from episodes of lactic acidosis.  Genetic analyses revealed the child was diagnosed with non-functioning electron transport. Which of the following would be associated with this diagnosis?

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q43: You see in your clinic a patient that complains that they are unable to carry out long, intensive exercise. You have a muscle biopsy performed and the results indicate a deficiency in the enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction. What is the enzyme and why does deficiency of this enzyme lead to rapid muscle fatigue?

The Dark Reaction or Calvin Cycle of Photosynthesis takes place within the…  

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q14: Which of the following statements regarding the reciprocal regulation of fatty acid synthesis and beta-oxidation is FALSE?

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q1: Dr. Otto Warburg proposed that cancer cells have an altered metabolism, one that is much more reliant on glycolysis for ATP production, which explains their ability to grow and metastasize. In the 80 years since the “Warburg Hypothesis” was presented, we have learned a lot about the biochemistry of cancer. The following 6 questions are focused on these findings. Cancer cells have a higher rate of glycolysis than their neighboring normal cells. One reason for this increased rate is the over-expression of hexokinase (HK). Given that most tumors have a limited supply of glucose, which statement below correctly describes a characteristic of hexokinase that would explain why this increased HK concentration would be an advantage to the cancer?

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q26: The next two questions relate to the following clinical scenario: Sparty has type 1 diabetes mellitus. His body is unable to produce insulin, and hence hormonal regulation associated with insulin is not observed.  He has just been admitted to the hospital with symptoms of Kussmaul respirations (rapid and deep breathing), polyuria (frequent urination) and polydipsia (frequent thirst). Initial lab data indicated elevated blood glucose, and the presence of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine. Sparty must use a mixture of insulin analogs to maintain his blood glucose due to the lack of production of insulin by his pancreas. Which of the following statements correctly describes native human insulin?

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q16: Refer to the picture below – Which of the following statements regarding the production of molecule B in this pathway is TRUE?

BCH4024 OC SP25 E3 Q20: A three-year-old boy is brought into the clinic suffering from cardiorespiratory distress following an infection. Previously, the boy was admitted to the hospital in a coma and suffered a cardiac arrest. He was extremely hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) and showed hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). Muscle and liver biopsies contained large amounts of lipids.  The diagnosis was a carnitine deficiency. Which of the following statements would be correct based on the carnitine deficiency diagnosis?