Scenario for questions 6 through 7: To study the electron tr…

Scenario for questions 6 through 7: To study the electron transport chain you decide to make two mutants strains of Escherichia coli.  Mutant 1 has NADH dehydrogenase completely knocked out (i.e. the protein is not present in the mutant) and Mutant 2 has a succinate dehydrogenase that can no longer pass electrons into the Q cycle.  

The athlete was originally prescribed penicillin (a  beta-la…

The athlete was originally prescribed penicillin (a  beta-lactam) to treat her infection, but it wasn’t very effective.  As the athlete’s doctor, explain why penicillin may not be effective against her specific infection.  To completely answer the question be sure to address the following: How does beta-lactam function, i.e. what is the target of this drug? Why are beta-lactams typically less effective against microbes with the cell wall type of the isolate than other cell wall types? Describe one specific mechanism of antibiotic resistance that may make the drug less effective.  We discussed many in class, you should only describe one for this question.