A 65 year old male suffered a fall on an outstretched right hand (FOOSH) three weeks ago. He had pain at onset in the anterior lateral shoulder but no change in function immediately after the injury. Over the last two weeks, he has noticed a slowly decreasing ability to raise his arm overhead with mild pain throughout the motion.  He describes his symptoms as worse in the morning with stiffness and mild ache (1-3/10) that improves with activity such that by the end of the day his motion is nearly full and pain free during most ADLs. He is right handed and his goal is to be able to perform yard work and housework without limitations or pain. Review of PMH indicates the patient is overall in good health no evidence of a cardiovascular influence to symptoms..  Objective testing: PROM R side:  flexion 0-130 pain at end range,  abduction 0-115 pain at end range,   ER 0-35 firm end feel mild pain, IR 0-45 no pain. L side: flexion 0-160, abduction 0-150, ER 0-75, IR 0-45.   AROM had similar findings. MMT, palpation, soft tissue mobility normal bilaterally.  Joint mobility assessment demonstrated: moderate hypomobility. This information will be used to answer the next 3 questions.

Which of the following is true of the burden of proof in a criminal trial?

Courts only permit a plaintiff to bring a lawsuit if that person has standing.

While the rules of jurisdiction determine whether a plaintiff may bring a lawsuit at all, standing governs which particular courts may hear the case.

To achieve justice in a particular case, an appellate court will typically hear witnesses and gather new evidence.

Explain what is meant by standing to sue.

Substantive law establishes the rules under which the procedural rules of law are enforced.

Stare decisis means to ________.

Which of the following statements is true of criminal law?

Early asthmatic response is caused by: