12. During which phase of gamete formation does crossing over occur? A) Prophase II B) Prophase I C) Metaphase II D) Interphase I E) Interphase II

30. The addition of heat is the best way to speed up chemical reactions in cells because it speeds up the movement of molecules in the cell. 

1. When crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with a heterozygote, what is the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?  

26. The following image depicts which phase of meiosis in gamete production? A) Prophase I B) Interphase C) Metaphase II D) Anaphase I

6. You are conducting an experiment to determine the effect of music on the anxiety level of mice. You have 4 enclosures which contain speakers to deliver 3 different types of music to the mice. The 4th enclosure contains no speakers. After 2 hours in their chamber, a simple blood test is performed to determine the level of cortisol in the blood of each mouse (a measure of stress hormone). What is the independent variable in this experiment?

*BONUS* A researcher claims that increasing the environmental temperature by 10

7. RNAs are required in the process of protein synthesis. Which of these types of RNA is responsible for transporting the genetic code out of the nucleus and to the ribosome for translation?

22. All of the following are ways to regulate the cell cycle and cell number except: A) density dependent inhibition B) apoptosis C) glucose oxidation D) cyclin proteins

12. Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

35. Substrate level phosphorylation is unique in that it