What is the best method to measure atrophy or hypertrophy of the quadriceps?

You suspect Cauda equina syndrome in your 18 year old hurdler. This syndrome includes:

In a 50 year old retired basketball player, you suspect a diagnosis of chondromalacia patella. Which of the following special tests is used to detect chondromalacia patella?

As you discuss spine and disc issues with a patient you mention some facts. Which one of these statements is TRUE

You are assessing for an ANTERIOR labral tear, the motion(s) performed should be:

After falling on the field post tackle, your defensive back has a hip pointer pathology. Where can this hip pointer occur ?

In the hypothetical equation:  , quantity t is 

The gluteus medius muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip joint.

Upon reviewing an X-ray of a pt w/ back pain you note that she has this condition – when the lumbar vertebra fuses with the sacrum.

When examining a pt w suspected femoral hernia, you look for this – a major structure that can be found within the femoral triangle?