The term “dual court system” refers to separate state and federal courts.

Incapacitation that focuses on offenders with a high risk of serious recidivism is termed __________.

What is one of the major factors influencing bargaining and discretion?

Which refers to any means of settling disputes outside the courtroom?

In ___________, the Eighth Amendment’s probation against cruel and unusual punishment applies to the states as well as the federal government.

Evidence appears to suggest that the exclusionary rule has what effect on the criminal court system?

There is differential treatment based on race, but not sex.

The shift in thinking at the end of 19th century regarding children meant that parents:

Level-one technologies are the most advanced and include immersive imaging technology and virtual reality displays.

The principal weakness of the excessive caseload hypothesis, in plea bargaining, is which assumption?