A new treatment is thought to reduce average probe depth. To…

A new treatment is thought to reduce average probe depth. To examine this phenomenon, 40 people with moderate gum disease have their pocket depth measured before the treatment and again 2 weeks after the treatment.  The average reduction in pocket depth is examined.

16 patients with oral cancer are acquired.  It is desired to…

16 patients with oral cancer are acquired.  It is desired to compare the size of the tumors relative to the location in the mouth.  Group A has 9 patients with the tumor on the tongue and Group B has 7 patients with the tumor in the cheek.  If we want to compare the tumor sizes (diameter length in mm) relative to the location in the mouth, which test would be most appropriate? There is a clear outlier in the data indicating that a nonparametric procedure is desired. (Note: we know nothing about the patients beyond the location of the tumor).