This document asserted that Holy Roman emperors would be selected by seven specific prince-electors the secular rulers of four principalities and the archbishops of three cities within the empire.

The __ was a crisis of Christian authority and questions of papal legitimacy as three popes were appointed at the same time.

What was the foremost center of Muslim scholarship and learning in the fourteenth century?

The city of __ was the plague’s entry point into Europe.

What happened to wages of ordinary workers in Europe after the end of the plague?

Unlike, Carthaginian control of North Africa, Roman control of North Africa resulted in demand for grain and olive oil to support the growing Roman capital. This led to increased farming in North Africa. 

This is the family in the Maghreb region that followed Shia Islam, but ultimately aligned itself with the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate.

In this system, serfs were brought together into villages where their labor could be cooperative, and they worked under the control of a lord.

This sacred place is believed to have been established by Abraham to worship God.

True or false? Before Islam was established, the Arabian Peninsula included many different religious beliefs, including Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and polytheism.