​Kimmy is playing with her doll in her yard, and is watching…

​Kimmy is playing with her doll in her yard, and is watching as Shira-Leah is playing with a similar doll in the yard across the street. Shira-Leah is also aware of and observing Kimmy, but the two girls have not yet played together. These youngsters are engaging in ____ play.

​As Delia and her mother are out shopping, they watch as ano…

​As Delia and her mother are out shopping, they watch as another shopper accidentally drops her basket of groceries all over the floor. Delia’s mother tells her to wait while she assists the lady, and proceeds to help pick up all of the dropped groceries. At school the next day, Delia assists a classmate who dropped her books on the way into class in the same manner. In this case, Delia’s mother has helped inspire prosocial behavior by

​Tavon is eating something, and he puts some of it on his fi…

​Tavon is eating something, and he puts some of it on his fingertip and puts it to the lips of his 2-week old son, Tray. Tray responds by licking his lips, sucking on Tavon’s fingertip vigorously, and smiling. It is most likely that Tavon gave Tray something ____ to taste.

​Larry and Ira are brothers who are two years apart in age….

​Larry and Ira are brothers who are two years apart in age. Larry went to one public school for his grade school years, but before Ira could go to that school the district underwent a rezoning. Ira, therefore, ended up going to a different school with less-qualified teachers and fewer resources. As a result, Larry tended to perform much better in school than Ira did. This example demonstrates the influence of