​David is a pharmacist, and has worked as such for nearly 30 years. He hopes that someday his son will take over his drugstore, and so from an early age he has been “grooming” young Daniel to follow in his footsteps. He has taught Daniel about how to dispense medications, has let Daniel watch as he prepares difficult prescriptions, and has encouraged his son to enjoy chemistry and biology in school. In a very real way, Daniel has been serving as a young apprentice to his father for most of his life. Which theorist would be most attentive to this sociocultural influence on Daniel’s life?

​Why is it that 22 weeks is considered the earliest “age of viability” for an unborn child?

​Leonard is changing his four-month-old son’s diaper, and afterwards he gets him into his pajamas. While easing the little guy’s foot into the sleeper, he inadvertently strokes the boy’s foot and is surprised to see the toes immediately fan out. He does it again to the other foot, and gets the same response. Leonard has accidently stumbled upon his son’s ____ reflex.

As early as ____ month(s) of age, infants begin to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions.

​The time between conception and birth is called the ____ period.

​Gracie helps her mother set the table for dinner without being asked. She lays out napkins and silverware, places the plates in their correct spots, and puts ice in all of the glasses. When her mother realizes that she has done this, she gives Gracie a big hug, thanks her repeatedly, and later gives her a little extra dessert as a treat. In learning theory, we would say that Gracie’s behavior has been:

​According to your text, the most influential developmental psychologist of the 20th century was

​Although identical twins share 100% of their genetic code and are often similar, they are never truly “identical.” Which of the following explains these differences?

​Nell and Delia have gotten together for a “Mommy Meet,” during which they have coffee and chat at their homes. Today they both have their 18-month-old sons, Steve and Nash. While the ladies sip and chat, Steve and Nash crawl around on the floor pushing toy trucks and making “vroooom” sounds. Every now and then, they switch trucks with each other. Steve and Nash are engaged in ____ play.

​A common law of physics, noted by Sir Isaac Newton, states that “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” If you were to apply that principle to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development in children, actions being in balance with each other would describe the process of