A set of numeric dose limits that are based on calculations of the various risks of cancer and genetic effects  to tissues or organs exposed to radiation defines:

Suppose an analyst is valuing two markets. Market A is a developed market, and Market B is an emerging market. The investor’s time horizon is five years. The other pertinent facts are:   Measure Value Sharpe ratio of the global portfolio 0.29 Standard deviation of the global portfolio 8% Risk-free rate of return 4.5% Degree of market integration for Market A 80% Degree of market integration for Market B 65% Standard deviation for Market A 18% Standard deviation for Market B 26% Correlation of Market A with global portfolio .87   Correlation of Market B with global portfolio .63   Estimated illiquidity premium for A 0   Estimated illiquidity premium for B 2.4   Referring to Table: What is the expected co variance between the markets? 

Harold and Kumar are employees with White Castle Advisors. White Castle offers independent investment advice to institutional clients throughout the U.S and Canada. Harold’s and Kumar’s primary responsibility is evaluating the performance of portfolio managers that White Castle’s clients are considering. When necessary, they create customized benchmarks and use the Sharpe, Treynor, ex-post alpha, and M2 measures. These measures adjust a manager’s return for the risk undertaken, where risk is defined as total using the standard deviation or as systematic using beta. Harold and Kumar are preparing an analysis of the performance of the Alpha and Omega Mutual funds. Alpha and Omega are being considered by the endowment of Citi University as an addition to its portfolio. Chuck Prince is the portfolio manager for the Citi endowment. Citi’s current endowment is well diversified, consisting of U.S. and international stocks and bonds, hedge funds, real estate investment trusts, and a small cash position necessary to meet next Quarter’s expenses. In  addition  to  the  Alpha  and  Omega Mutual funds under consideration, Prince is also considering adding  individual  bonds  to  Citi’s  portfolio because individual bonds have become  increasingly  more  liquid.  Harold  believes  that  municipal  bonds would be a good consideration because their  after-tax  return  is  often  higher  than  that  available  from corporate bonds. Prince informs them that Citi  is  also  considering  adding  BBB  rated  bonds  as  a  small portion of their portfolio, but Kumar  believes  that  this  is  probably  not  a  good  idea  because,  although  he has not reviewed Citi’s  investment  policy  statement,  endowments  typically  have  a  low  ability  and willingness to take risk because the endowment must meet the  spending  needs  created  by  university operating budgets, student scholarships, and faculty salaries. The most recent risk and return measures for both Alpha and Omega are shown below. The minimum acceptable return (MAR) for Citi is the 5.0% spending rate on the endowment, which the endowment has determined using a geometric spending rule. The T-bill return over the same fiscal year was 4.5%. The return on the Wilshire-5000 was used as the market index. The Wilshire 5000 index had a return of 10% with a standard deviation of 21% and a beta of 1.0. Analyzing the results of their performance evaluation, Harold notices that the results demonstrate that the Alpha portfolio is less diversified than the Omega portfolio. Kumar adds that the Omega portfolio would be a better addition to the Citi portfolio than the Alpha fund.                                                                                                  Alpha                Omega                                                   Return                                     16.5%                15.9%                                                   Std. Deviation                         38.1%                35.6%                                                   Beta                                          0.8                    1.25                                                   Downside Deviation               14.9%                14.0%Which of the two funds is showing a better performance using M-squared measure?

Harold and Kumar are employees with White Castle Advisors. White Castle offers independent investment advice to institutional clients throughout the U.S and Canada. Harold’s and Kumar’s primary responsibility is evaluating the performance of portfolio managers that White Castle’s clients are considering. When necessary, they create customized benchmarks and use the Sharpe, Treynor, ex-post alpha, and M2 measures. These measures adjust a manager’s return for the risk undertaken, where risk is defined as total using the standard deviation or as systematic using beta. Harold and Kumar are preparing an analysis of the performance of the Alpha and Omega Mutual funds. Alpha and Omega are being considered by the endowment of Citi University as an addition to its portfolio. Chuck Prince is the portfolio manager for the Citi endowment. Citi’s current endowment is well diversified, consisting of U.S. and international stocks and bonds, hedge funds, real estate investment trusts, and a small cash position necessary to meet next Quarter’s expenses. In  addition  to  the  Alpha  and  Omega Mutual funds under consideration, Prince is also considering adding  individual  bonds  to  Citi’s  portfolio because individual bonds have become  increasingly  more  liquid.  Harold  believes  that  municipal  bonds would be a good consideration because their  after-tax  return  is  often  higher  than  that  available  from corporate bonds. Prince informs them that Citi  is  also  considering  adding  BBB  rated  bonds  as  a  small portion of their portfolio, but Kumar  believes  that  this  is  probably  not  a  good  idea  because,  although  he has not reviewed Citi’s  investment  policy  statement,  endowments  typically  have  a  low  ability  and willingness to take risk because the endowment must meet the  spending  needs  created  by  university operating budgets, student scholarships, and faculty salaries. The most recent risk and return measures for both Alpha and Omega are shown below. The minimum acceptable return (MAR) for Citi is the 5.0% spending rate on the endowment, which the endowment has determined using a geometric spending rule. The T-bill return over the same fiscal year was 4.5%. The return on the Wilshire-5000 was used as the market index. The Wilshire 5000 index had a return of 10% with a standard deviation of 21% and a beta of 1.0. Analyzing the results of their performance evaluation, Harold notices that the results demonstrate that the Alpha portfolio is less diversified than the Omega portfolio. Kumar adds that the Omega portfolio would be a better addition to the Citi portfolio than the Alpha fund.                                                                                                  Alpha                Omega                                                   Return                                     16.5%                15.9%                                                   Std. Deviation                         38.1%                35.6%                                                   Beta                                          0.8                    1.25                                                   Downside Deviation               14.9%                14.0%  Which of the two funds is showing a better performance using Treynor ratio?

BONUS: Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient’s body surface?

The following trade quotes were observed during the trading day BID Ask   Time Price Size Price Size   10:00am $12.10 300 $12.16 400  1:00pm $12 300 $12.07 400  2:00pm $11.8 300 $11.88 400     Assume the following trades take place At 10:00 am the trader placed the order to sell 100 shares. The execution price was $12.11. At 1:00 pm the trader placed an order to sell 300 shares. The execution price was $12.00. At 2:00 pm the trader placed an order to sell 600 shares. The average execution price was $11.75The weighted average effective spread is

The strategies of convertible arbitrage, emerging markets, equity market neutral, and fixed-income arbitrage are categories of which alternative investment class?

BONUS: Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient’s body surface?

When _____ is activated, the collimators are automatically adjusted so that the radiation field matches the size of the IR.

_______ are established by health care facilities to trigger an investigation to uncover any abnormal exposure received by individual staff members.