A retail store hires retail anthropologists to observe behavior in a retail store. Researchers walk around the store and write down how shoppers move through the store. Inside the store, subjects were unaware they were being observed. This is called: 

A chewing gum manufacturer wants to determine whether blue packaging or red packaging is preferred. The company performs a sales test by introducing red packages into an independent, random sample of ten stores and blue packages are introduced in an independent, random sample of another ten stores. The technique most appropriate for analyzing the data is:

As a researcher, you must also be on the alert to spot ‘completed’ questionnaires that don’t really have true responses. Consider, for example, a respondent who checked the “5” position on a five-point scale for each of the 20 items in an attitude questionnaire, even though some items were expressed negatively and some positively.  Examining the questionnaire in this manner, “the process of checking and adjusting data for omissions, consistency, and legibility”, occurs during which state of data preparation?

Based upon previous sales figures (an external benchmark), a sales manager wants to determine whether her salespeople could realistically achieve average sales significantly greater than $75,000. The manager gathered data on level of sales achieved by each of her twenty salespeople. She conducted the following statistical test with these results: One-Sample Statistics   N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Sales 20 75500.00 18968.11729 4241.39997   One-Sample Test Test Value = 75000   t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference – Lower 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference – Upper Sales .118 19 .907 500.00 -8377.3522 9377.3522   If you have trouble reading the table, here is the information it contains in text form:  One-Sample Statistics for Sales N = 20 Mean = 75500.00 Std. Deviation = 18968.11729 Std. Error Mean = 4241.39997 One Sample Test for Sales Test Value = 75000 t = .118 df = 19 Sig. (2-tailed) = .907 Mean Difference = 500.00 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference – Lower = -8377.3522 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference – Upper = 9377.3522 What would be an appropriate conclusion drawn from the results of the statistical analysis?

What type of level of measurement is:  Gender (measured in categories, such as male and female)?

If the F-value in ANOVA produces a p-value (“Sig.” in SPSS) of 0.111 or more, then it is appropriate to:

In Qualtrics, _____ is used when there is one question that a researcher wants to show a respondent but only if they had answered on a certain way on the previous question. 

What is the appropriate statistical test to use to answer the following question? “Is the average household income in zip code 22030 greater than $149,000?” Hint: $149,000 was the average household income in that zip code according to the 2020 census (an external benchmark).

Suppose you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS. The output shows a “Pearson Chi-Square” value of 82.123, df = 3 and the Asymp. Sig. (or p-value) = 0.000. This means:

Sampling errors can be decreased by: