One view of modern international organizations (IOs) is that…

One view of modern international organizations (IOs) is that they are “agents” of state“principals,” and that the most powerful principals often shape IO rules and exertdisproportionate influence during extraordinary events. Although this view leaves some room forindependent agency among IOs, it views state members as vital actors that shape the scope ofmany IOs’ activities. An alternative view sees IOs as capable of developing considerableautonomy from states and argues that IO bureaucrats play an under-recognized role in the designand functioning of these organizations. According to this view, the background of keybureaucrats along with the development of organizational culture explains considerable variationin IO activity. Which of these perspectives do you think is more accurate? Can they bereconciled? Draw on literature and examples to support your answer.

In a recent academic year, many public universities in the U…

In a recent academic year, many public universities in the United States raised tuition and fees due to a decrease in state subsidies. The change in the cost of tuition, a shared dormitory room, and the most popular meal plan from one academic year to the next for a sample of 10 public universities was as follows: $1,589, $593, $1,223, $869, $423, $1,720, $708, $1,425, $922, and $308. For the data above stated, The median is?