I found this discussion on answerbag.com. It’s amazing what one can find on the Internet! 🙂 —————————————————————————– Q: Why are gram–positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram–negative bacteria to antibiotics that disrupt plasma membranes, such as polymyxin B? A. Gram positive bacteria have a cell wall surrounding the organism, including the plasma membrane. A plasma membrane is usually made up of lipids, which can easily move around to let other molecules in. Meanwhile, a cell wall is a more rigid structure that is not as easily broken. The best way I understand it is by imagining someone wearing a suit of armor. The armor is like the cell wall, which protects the person (or bacteria) from arrows (or the antibiotics). The person with armor is better protected than another person without any armor. Likewise, a bacterium with a cell wall has more protection than one with only a plasma membrane. ——————————– Polymyxin B is a cationic surface agent that binds to LPS in the cell, which results in increased permeability and cell death. Gram-positive bacteria are more resistant to polymyxin B than Gram-negative bacteria for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Explain why you eliminated the other 3 pathogens in the previous question about gamma irradiation. (Why isn’t gamma irradiation used to kill these pathogens in food products?)  Be specific and complete in your response. The choices were:  viruses protists bacteria molds prions

Why can’t an aerobic bacterium produce as much energy as an animal cell can produce from a gram of sugar?

How does ATP release energy that can be used by living cells?

Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the following table: ​ Volume Surface Area Cell 1 9.3 μm3 26.5 μm2 Cell 2 12.2 μm3 37.1 μm2 Cell 3 17.6 μm3 40.6 μm2 Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

Four small bags are filled with a 10% starch solution. The membrane of each bag contains microscopic pores large enough to let smaller water molecules cross but too small for the larger starch molecules to cross. Each bag is placed in a separate beaker as follows:Bag 1 is placed in distilled water containing no starch (0% starch).Bag 2 is placed in a solution of distilled water and 5% starch.Bag 3 is placed in a solution of distilled water and 10% starch.Bag 4 is placed in a solution of distilled water and 50% starch.The bags are weighed initially and at regular intervals for a specific period of time. Some bags saw a change in weight, and some did not. Answer the following questions based on the expected outcomes of this experiment.a. Which bag should weigh approximately the same at the end of the experiment as it did at the beginning of the experiment?b. Which bag is expected to be the heaviest at the end of the experiment?

The following questions refers to this table of codons.Which of the following sequences of nucleotides are possible in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Leu-Ile-Val?

What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?5′-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3′

Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens to a chromosome after a nonreciprocal translocation occurs?

A single base substitution mutation is likely to have a less deleterious effect when the base change exhibits which of the following results?