Placebo effects are related to ______ and nocebo effects are related ______. Both do not include the delivery of the active ingredient of the medication.

Nia has been taking increasing doses of an SSRI with a long half-life for several weeks. In an effort to produce an improved therapeutic effect, her doctor prescribes her a high dose of a different SSRI with a much shorter half-life. Nia begins to display signs of EPS, some agitation, and even disorientation. Nia is probably showing signs of:

Neurotransmitters work primarily by:

All of the following statements are true regarding tolerance to benzodiazepines except:

: A drug has a half-life of 2 hours. Marcy takes 600 mg of the drug. Assuming metabolites are not involved, how much of the drug is left in Marcy’s system after 4 hours?

The biotransformation of stimulants and anticonvulsants is most likely to take place in the:

When Julius started drinking a lot of caffeine in the form of energy drinks and coffee, he noticed that he was not as hungry as he used to be. It appears that in relation to food, caffeine is functioning as a(n):

Shilan is known to express her opinion loudly across situations, even when it is not socially appropriate, like in the middle of class. This behavior could potentially be a characteristic of which of the following?

  Which of the following might be used to compare the effectiveness of a prescription of Ritalin at 2.5 mg twice a day vs. 5 mg once a day with an adolescent diagnosed with ADHD:

 Toni receives a new prescription. Upon taking a dose, she experiences effects that are opposite to what is expected of that drug. This is called which of the following?