The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, later renamed the March of Dimes, was established in 1938 and . . . was a grassroots campaign run primarily by volunteers. Over the years, millions of people gave small amounts of money to support both the care of people who got ___________ and research into prevention and treatment. Those contributions financed Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin, and the other researchers who developed the . . . ___________ that children around the world receive today. —“March of Dimes,” National Museum of American History, www.americanhistory.si.edu/ (accessed July 19, 2012) Which words correctly complete this excerpt?

President Harry Truman’s order requiring loyalty checks and the Senate hearings led by Joseph McCarthy were both responses to

In the World War II era, what was the major reason for Jewish immigration to the United States?

During the 1950s the federal government funded educational initiatives in math and science in response to —

The Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) was an effort by the United States to –

Controversies involving Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg reflected the post World War II concern over

What is the best title for this cartoon?

What was the primary reason for U.S. involvement in East Asia during the early 1950s?

Symporters and antiporters (a.k.a. exchangers) are two different types of coupled membrane transporters. In mammalian cells, the movement of small molecules across the plasma membrane through these transporters is coupled to the concentration gradient of what ion? Clearly describe the direction of the co-transported solute carried out by a plasma membrane localized symporter and an antiporter.  

Passive transport can be carried out by both transporter (a.k.a. carrier proteins) and channel proteins while active transport can only be carried out by transporter proteins.