You are reviewing a system that uses SHA-256 for password hashing with salts. The salts are unique but only 4 bytes long. What is the risk in this setup, and what could be improved?

In which situation is a systems analyst most clearly acting as a supporting expert?

Match each management level to the type of system they most likely need:

One of the Agile core values is . In Agile, the stage where new features may be added after deployment is . The toolset that supports automated system design activities is known as . In Agile, after exploration, the next phase is . One reason organizations use open-source software is .

Dynamic stimuli relationships to neural responses can be assessed with information theory methods in the same way as discrete stimuli.

Check all that apply. Mutual Information measures:

Segura et al. (2024) Figure 2 depicts the outcomes for ITT analysis (intention to treat includes all the participants who started the study regardless of completing it) and PP analysis (per-protocol includes only participants who completed the study).  As a rule, PP analysis potentially overestimates the treatment effect. How can you see this in Figure 2? Answer in no more than 5 sentences.

Haire et al. (2020) Information about ethical approval can be found on the following page(s)

Segura et al. (2024) During the study period, the intervention and control were adjusted to meet participants’ individual needs. 

Haire et al. (2020) No association was found between changes in cognition and affective responding.