An experimental study has found that alcoholics who attend peer group meetings are more successful in reducing their consumption of alcoholic beverages than alcoholics who do not attend such meetings. In the conclusions to their report on this experiment

Measures of reliability:

High school seniors in a small town are asked a series of questions to measure the frequency of their drinking and driving. The students give consistent answers to the series of questions

A study can still be said to utilize a true experiment if the experimental and comparison groups are not randomly chosen.

Researchers apply the term face validity to the confidence gained from:

Alternate forms reliability is different than test-retest reliability because:

Sara wrote a proposal to study the impact of birth order on aggressiveness. One of her first steps was to review definitions of aggressiveness in other research studies. This illustrates the first step in the process of:

In a national survey of drug abuse

Reliability exists when measurements are consistent.

External validity is another term for cross-population generalizability.