41. Which of the following are considered primary lymphoid organs, responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes?

8. Which of the following is considered a significant risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) by promoting atherosclerotic plaque formation?

Which substance primarily drives the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla?

Which macronutrient yields the most energy per gram when metabolized?

Which part of the respiratory center in the brain primarily controls the rhythmic pattern of breathing?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the kidneys and erythropoiesis?

22. Which physiological mechanism aids in venous return by counteracting low pressure within the veins and ensuring the efficient transport of blood back to the heart?

In response to decreased blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney release:

38. What term describes the pathological accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues, leading to swelling and impaired fluid homeostasis?

A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.