People who wash their hands frequently during cold season typically have fewer colds than those who do not. This observation suggests cold viruses can be transmitted by

What is the most abundant gas in the ocean?

Type of radiation with less than 1 nm wavelengths and is the more deadly form to microbes because it removes electrons from molecules.  Word Bank adhesion aldehydes amensalism antagonism antimicrobial enzymes antiphagocytic factors antisepsis asymptomatic autoclave bacteriocins biosafety cabinet broad spectrum commensalism contact transmission contamination convalescence cross resistance cytotoxins decimal reduction time decline degerming desiccation disease transmission disinfection disk susceptibility test endotoxins enterotoxins etiology filtration halogens heavy metals host illness incinerator incubation period infection ionizing lyophilization minimum bactericidal concentration test minimum inhibitory concentration test multiple drug resistance mutualism narrow spectrum naturally occurring neurotoxins non-ionizing nosocomial opportunistic osmotic pressure oxidizing agents parasitism pasteurization pathogenicity phenols and phenolics prodromal period reservoirs resident sanitization selective toxicity signs sterilization surfactants symptoms synergism therapeutic index thermal death point thermal death time transient true vector transmission vehicle transmission virulence zoonoses

A 400 g rock is tied to one end of a string that is 2.0 m in length and swung around in a circle whose plane is parallel to the ground. A) If the string can withstand a maximum tension of 4.5 N before breaking, what angle to the vertical does the string reach just before breaking? B) At what is the maximum speed the rock can have without breaking the string? C) At this speed, what is the period of the rock? (20 points)    Angle = degrees Maximum Speed = m/s Period = s

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

Type of microbiota that can colonize their host and are present throughout the host’s life                  Word Bank adhesion aldehydes amensalism antagonism antimicrobial enzymes antiphagocytic factors antisepsis asymptomatic autoclave bacteriocins biosafety cabinet broad spectrum commensalism contact transmission contamination convalescence cross resistance cytotoxins decimal reduction time decline degerming desiccation disease transmission disinfection disk susceptibility test endotoxins enterotoxins etiology filtration halogens heavy metals host illness incinerator incubation period infection ionizing lyophilization minimum bactericidal concentration test minimum inhibitory concentration test multiple drug resistance mutualism narrow spectrum naturally occurring neurotoxins non-ionizing nosocomial opportunistic osmotic pressure oxidizing agents parasitism pasteurization pathogenicity phenols and phenolics prodromal period reservoirs resident sanitization selective toxicity signs sterilization surfactants symptoms synergism therapeutic index thermal death point thermal death time transient true vector transmission vehicle transmission virulence zoonoses                   

Acquiring an infection after having a catheter put in would be an example of which type of health care associated infection?

Each of the tubes below contain the same concentration of E. coli bacterial cells but various volumes. Each tube was treated with 25 micro liters of a particular chemical antimicrobial agent and incubated in the conditions stated under the tube. Which of of the five conditions would you expect the chemical agent be able to kill all cells in the shortest amount of time?     

Technique used mainly in the food industry that applies enough heat to food and beverages to reduce the number of microbes. Word Bank adhesion aldehydes amensalism antagonism antimicrobial enzymes antiphagocytic factors antisepsis asymptomatic autoclave bacteriocins biosafety cabinet broad spectrum commensalism contact transmission contamination convalescence cross resistance cytotoxins decimal reduction time decline degerming desiccation disease transmission disinfection disk susceptibility test endotoxins enterotoxins etiology filtration halogens heavy metals host illness incinerator incubation period infection ionizing lyophilization minimum bactericidal concentration test minimum inhibitory concentration test multiple drug resistance mutualism narrow spectrum naturally occurring neurotoxins non-ionizing nosocomial opportunistic osmotic pressure oxidizing agents parasitism pasteurization pathogenicity phenols and phenolics prodromal period reservoirs resident sanitization selective toxicity signs sterilization surfactants symptoms synergism therapeutic index thermal death point thermal death time transient true vector transmission vehicle transmission virulence zoonoses

Soaps and detergents belong to which group of chemicals control agents?  Word Bank adhesion aldehydes amensalism antagonism antimicrobial enzymes antiphagocytic factors antisepsis asymptomatic autoclave bacteriocins biosafety cabinet broad spectrum commensalism contact transmission contamination convalescence cross resistance cytotoxins decimal reduction time decline degerming desiccation disease transmission disinfection disk susceptibility test endotoxins enterotoxins etiology filtration halogens heavy metals host illness incinerator incubation period infection ionizing lyophilization minimum bactericidal concentration test minimum inhibitory concentration test multiple drug resistance mutualism narrow spectrum naturally occurring neurotoxins non-ionizing nosocomial opportunistic osmotic pressure oxidizing agents parasitism pasteurization pathogenicity phenols and phenolics prodromal period reservoirs resident sanitization selective toxicity signs sterilization surfactants symptoms synergism therapeutic index thermal death point thermal death time transient true vector transmission vehicle transmission virulence zoonoses