African Americans were not the only racial group who were segregated from whites during the first half of the twentieth century. Hispanics, too, were barred from all-white schools. However, an advocacy group for Hispanics called won a landmark decision to desegregate schools in California in 1946, nearly a decade before schools were legally desegregated.

What is NOT true about D1 ticker, according to the lecture on the House case.

In the House vs NCAA case, what pair represent the MOST used frame and the LEAST used frame?

originated as a regional conflict, but quickly turned into a proxy war during the Cold War. It lasted from 1950-1953 and ended in a stalemate with little more than symbolic gains for either side. The northern belligerents initially gained the upper hand until an American and United Nations force landed at Inchon, and drove the troops back toward the Chinese border. At that point, Communist China invaded and pushed the American-led troops back to 38th parallel, where a fragile truce was signed. 

was a popular musician who found fame in the 1950s and helped to popularize Rock n’ Roll nationally. The genre was invented by Black musicians, such as Chuck Berry, but this young, handsome, and charismatic White singer brought Rock n’ Roll to the mainstream. Speaking of his importance, fellow musician Bruce Springsteen said he “gave us full access to a new language, a new form of communication, a new way of being, a new way of looking, a new way of thinking; about sex, about race, about identity, about life; a new way of being an American, a human being; and a new way of hearing music….Once he came across the airwaves, once he was heard and seen in action, you could not put the genie back in the bottle. After that moment, there was yesterday, and there was today, and there was a red hot, rockabilly forging of a new tomorrow, before your very eyes.” Young women, particularly, were enamored with the singer’s looks, energy, and sensuality, much to the chagrin of their parents who felt that his dancing was sexually suggestive and perverse.

With the innovation of the interstate highway in the mid-1950s, the temporal and class dimensions of vacation-travel changed. Vacations were now available to the lower- and middle-classes and instead of spending weeks or months on holiday, vacationers would typically spend only a few days. New resort-towns like Las Vegas capitalized on these changes and the spirit of freedom and choice that the interstate and automobiles offered. An advertising campaign for the El Rancho Casino in Las Vegas promised . It invited family vacationers to imagine themselves as having the freedom of frontier explorers.

America’s eventual success in the Cold War can be partially attributed to American Soft Power. One example of soft power was the consumer choice offered in the United States vs. the Soviet Bloc. American cars of the 1950s and 1960s were stylish with large, powerful engines, and could be driven off the lot with credit. An example of these stylish and powerful American cars was . This car had a 345-horsepower V-8 engine and a max speed of 124 miles per hour. It came in a wide variety of colors, was often advertised alongside attractive female models, and could be acquired with no down-payment. Soviet bloc cars, by comparison, were slow, had small engines, were made of fiberglass, and required a wait of 6-8 years in order to attain the car. As Eastern Europeans became aware of the opulence and affluence of American society, their support for Soviet-style communism waned.

Internal racism weakened the labor movement throughout the mid-twentieth century. While some national labor unions like the CIO encouraged Black unionization as early as the 1930s, rank-and-file white workers vehemently opposed the integrated shop. In Detroit and other major cities after WWII, white workers participated in and walked off the job rather than work with African Americans.

This question is necessary to make the exam worth 100 points.

As came to prominence in the 1990s, the charismatic Bill Clinton mastered the format to win the Election of 1992; however, the media changes would later plague his presidency as journalists who used to overlook the personal failings of presidents such as drinking and womanizing now began to expose them and hound politicians about them endlessly. This was a major problem for Clinton, who despite his natural gifts and capable leadership had a deeply flawed personal character. During the first year of his presidency, the media gave the Whitewater Scandal three times the coverage it did of his policy initiatives. Much more troubling, the nature of the media changed to become increasingly partisan – instead of reporting current events, journalists began to put more of a political spin on their commentary. This has in turn contributed to the marked upswing of partisanship among the American electorate.