Refer to Figure 8.  The histology sections at the bottom of this figure come from two different regions of the kidney showing different structures of the nephrons and associated blood vessels.  NAME Kidney region A: NAME Kidney region B: Identify TWO structures found in B but not in A:

Refer to Figure 2. Image B on this figure shows muscles used for breathing. Your patient is in the clinic for spirometry analysis. Their breathing rate and TIDAL VOLUME is highly variable. Which of the muscles in Image B might not be functioning correctly on your patient? NAME the injured muscle: Include the number for the muscle from the figure:

Refer to Figure 1.  The head model in sagittal view (A) has organs from both the respiratory and digestive tracts. Using your knowledge of these systems and the typical materials moving through these passageways, identify the TYPE OF EPITHELIUM that would be found at the numbered locations below Epithelium at Site 2:  Epithelium at Site 5:  Epithelium at Site 12: 

Refer to Figure 9.  Tissue sections A & B are from reproductive organs that play an important role in gamete formation. Although one is male and one is female, the cells in these organs have very similar functions.  For example, cell #4 and cell #7 are closely related to each other.  NAME each of these cells, and briefly explain what makes them similar.  Cell #4: Cell #7: How they are similar:

Refer to Figure 9.  Use the models on the right side of this figure to complete the blanks identifying organs or structures of the reproductive system with the following functions. Include the name AND the number from the figure for full credit! Be specific!   This organ stores sperm prior to ejaculation: This organ fills with blood during male arousal: This structure can be cut to prevent female fertility: This organ is the site where semen is often deposited during intercourse:

Refer to Figure 9.  Tissue sections A & B are from reproductive organs that play an important role in gamete formation. Although one is male and one is female, the cells in these organs have very similar functions.  For example, cell #3 and cell #6 are closely related to each other.  NAME each of these cells, and briefly explain what makes them similar.  Cell #3: Cell #6: How they are similar:

Refer to Figure 7.  These tissue sections come from accessory organs of the digestive system, and the numbers indicate specific cells or cellular structures that are important to the function of this organ.  Which of these sections is from an organ that would be located primarily in the lower left hypochondriac and upper umbilical regions of the abdominal cavity?: Which of these cellular structures carries material to another organ to aid lipid digestion?:  Which of these cellular structures would contain blood with the highest oxygen saturation? Which of these are glandular epithelial cells that only have endocrine functions?

Refer to Figure 6.  This model shows four organs of the alimentary canal ‘stacked’ on top of each other to allow easy comparisons between these organs. For example, each of these organs shares the same types of tissue layers (labeled ‘a’ through ‘f’). But they also have major differences in their gross anatomy, such as the structures lining their lumens.  Consider these comparisons when answering the following questions. Each answer should be only 1-2 sentences or less.  1. What is the name for the shared digestive tissue layer that includes the labeled tissues d & e? 2. What are the unique structures that are lining the lumen of organ 2?

Refer to Figure 2. Image B on this figure shows muscles used for breathing. Your patient is in the clinic for spirometry analysis. Their normal breathing is fine, but when they try to forcefully exhale, they experience intense muscle pain. Which of the muscles in Image B might be injured on your patient? NAME the injured muscle: Include the number for the muscle from the figure:

Refer to Figure 8.  This figure shows details of the kidney. Fill in the following blanks to describe the process of urine production. Numbers from the figure do NOT need to be included for credit.  Blood must first enter the kidney through the (specific blood vessel) at the renal pelvis.  Urine begins forming when plasma is filtered through the (specific blood vessel). Metabolically important molecules are first reabsorbed into the body along the (part of the nephron). From there, the fluid moves into a section of the nephron which only allows reabsorption of water. This is countered by electrolyte reabsorption in the (part of the nephron). Finally, fluid from multiple nephrons is collected into the (part of the nephron) where final modifications to the urine are made, including pH adjustments using the enzyme .