In your own words, concisely describe five different and significant pieces of evidence used by Alfred Wegener in support of his hypothesis that “Pangaea” broke up into the separate continents we observe today (5 points). Then concisely describe three forms of additional evidence discovered later (post-World War II) that suggested seafloor spreading was actually the mechanism for their separation (3 points) Lastly, describe the important phenomenon of subduction zones within the overall theory of plate tectonics (2 points).

Atoms of different elements “sticking together” (making compounds) via loss and gain of valence electrons is called an/a _________ bond.   

 Sea-floor spreading is driven by convective turnover _______________.

Hotter, younger, oceanic magma rises at _________, and is most closely associated with the force known as _________.

From least to greatest “packages” of time, the geologic time scale is divided into _____.

Along what type of plate boundary would you find non-explosive volcanism and small, shallow earthquakes?

As understood by modern geologists, the principle of uniformitarianism does not imply that  ____________.

Most of the world’s __________ are closely associated with active plate tectonic boundaries.

Which of the following is thought to be a primary factor involved in the horizontal motion of Earth’s tectonic plates?

Place the following Earth layers in order from deepest (#1) to farthest from the center of the Earth (#7).