Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. TCP flow control ensures that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver by monitoring the size of the receiver’s buffer. 2. The sliding window protocol allows TCP to transmit data even when the window size is zero. 3. With every acknowledgment message, the receiver advertises its current receive window size. 4. The receive window size decreases as the application consumes data from the buffer. 5. TCP flow control relies solely on the sender to determine how much data can be transmitted at a time.

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. The Internet Protocol (IP) was created as part of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model to ensure a strictly layered approach to networking. 2. The OSI model includes seven layers, while the IP model condenses these into four layers: Access, Network, Transport, and Application. 3. Each Internet packet contains information such as source and destination IP addresses, the protocol being used, and error detection data. 4. In the process of packet delivery, packets always follow the same route through the network to ensure reliability. 5. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numeric addresses divided into four bytes.

Mark True or False for each statement below. The scheduler is a part of the operating system responsible for selecting which process runs next, balancing the needs of processes to prevent starvation. The scheduler sets an alarm to manage process execution time, ensuring that a process runs only for its allocated quantum of time. A process in the “Ready” state is runnable but not currently executing on the CPU. A context switch occurs only due to voluntary CPU yield operations, such as a process going to sleep. A context switch involves saving the state of the currently running process so it can resume later.  

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. A file system helps to locate free storage space and allows multiple processes to access stored information concurrently. 2. File types can only be identified by their file extensions, like .docx or .jpg. 3. In UNIX systems, a soft (symbolic) link allows linking across different file systems, unlike a hard link. 4. A directory is a special file type that stores part of the File Control Block (FCB) information about other files. 5. The link count of a file in UNIX systems increases every time the file is opened to prevent deletion during operation.

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. The Dining Philosophers problem is used to demonstrate the pattern of circular deadlock in concurrent programming. 2. In the Producer-Consumer problem, data is persistent and can be read multiple times and rewritten when necessary. 3. In the Producer-Consumer problem, multiple producers and consumers should be able to access the buffer concurrently. 4. The Readers-Writers problem deals with concurrent access to a bounded buffer where data is consumed as soon as it is read. 5. In the Producer-Consumer problem, semaphores can be used to prevent corrupt shared variables and avoid race conditions.

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. Schedulers in an operating system are divided into three types: long-term, medium-term, and short-term schedulers. 2. Multiprogramming allows a process to use the CPU while another performs I/O operations, improving CPU utilization. 3. The long-term scheduler is important for interactive operating systems because it handles user inputs promptly. 4. The CPU utilization in a multiprogramming system can vary significantly between theoretical models and actual performance. 5. The short-term scheduler decides which process will be executed next on the CPU and must do so very quickly, as multiple processes may need CPU time each second.

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. Preemptive scheduling allows the currently running process to continue executing without interruption until it finishes. 2. Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) is an example of a preemptive scheduling algorithm. 3. In Round Robin scheduling, each process runs until it completes without being preempted. 4. Real-time scheduling is divided into Static and Dynamic scheduling, where Static schedules tasks before execution and Dynamic schedules them as they arrive. 5. Lottery scheduling can ensure fairness. If each process receives an equal number of tickets they will have an equal chance to be selected based on a random draw of tickets.

Evaluate the following statements about memory and storage: The closer a type of memory is to the CPU, the faster it is but also the smaller in size.   L1 cache is typically farther from the CPU than SSDs.   The cost of memory typically increases the farther it is from the CPU.   Strictly speaking, a kilobyte is equal to 1,000 bytes. But, sometimes, like in this course, we will use kilobytes to refer to 1024 bytes.   A kibibyte is larger than 1000 bytes by 24 bytes.  

Mark True or False for the Following Questions Hardware interrupts are used by devices to signal the OS that an operation, such as reading from a disk, is complete. The interrupt controller uses interrupt masks to manage multiple interrupt requests and ensures that only one interrupt is processed at a time. The interrupt controller sends the IRQ# to the CPU via the Bus so that it can be treated. Precise interrupts are treated after the current instruction is completed and before the next instruction begins, while imprecise interrupts may interrupt the execution of ongoing instructions. When servicing an interrupt, the CPU does not enter kernel mode; instead, it continues executing the current user-space instruction until the interrupt is finished.

Mark True or False for the Following Questions In the first generation of operating systems, computers were highly reliable and did not require frequent maintenance. The Altair 8800’s Operating System implemented automated program loading. Multiprogramming allows the CPU to be less idle, for example by loading a new program while another is executing. During the second generation, computational systems were characterized by transistors and batch processing. Real-time operating systems are optimized for user interaction and feedback rather than strict timing constraints.