If you were planning an observational study to examine teachers’ question-asking behavior and you expected that there was a large amount of variability in teachers’ question-asking behavior, what decision would be reasonable to achieve high reliability in the observational data?

EXTRA CREDIT: David Ricardo wrote “On Foreign Trade” responding to what he believed to be a weakness in Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations.” Which of the following best represents his theorem?

Fires in California burn through orange tree orchards. (oranges)

The government repeals all gun control laws. (guns)

The government imposes a price floor on gasoline. (gasoline)

Janitors now must be paid a higher minimum wage. (janitors)

The price of ink goes down and paper is a complement. (paper)

In the inelastic region of the demand curve, an increase in the price of the good will lead to:

How should rulers approach the difference between reality and the ideal world, according to Machiavelli?

Which of the following relationships is true in long run perfectly competitive equilibrium for the firm? (Perfect Price Elasticity of Demand)?