How can understanding consumer behavior contribute to the success of non-marketing campaigns, such as public safety or health initiatives? Choose a campaign we discussed in class and explain how consumer behavior insights were applied to influence behavior change. In your response, be sure to: Identify the non-marketing campaign (e.g., public safety or health initiative) and describe its purpose—what problem was it trying to solve? Explain the consumer behavior insight used in the campaign (e.g., emotional appeal, social norms, behavioral triggers) and how it was applied. Discuss how this insight helped the campaign achieve its goals—how did it influence behavior change and make the campaign more effective? Tip: Try to write at least 3–5 sentences so your answer is clear and complete. Focus on explaining how the campaign worked and why it was effective—not just naming it. A strong response tells the story of how consumer behavior insights helped shape the campaign’s success, but please keep it concise.

Case study B A 72-year-old woman came to the emergency room with right facial weakness. She awoke in the morning with a “funny feeling” in her cheek and thought she might have accidentally bitten herself overnight. She looked in the mirror and noticed her right face was drooping a little. She also thought her speech sounded slightly slurred, so she called her wife to confirm this. Her wife recommended that she go to the emergency room and she complied. During examination, her right lower face showed significant delay and reduction of movements with smile, but she was able to raise both eyebrows. Taste on both sides of the anterior tongue was intact in response to mustard or jam on a swab. Hearing was normal and she had a normal gag reflex with symmetrical palatal elevation. Her speech sounded mildly slurred, but the patient reported that it had sounded worse in the morning. Tongue protrusion deviated notably to the right, and she had a weak cough. Strength testing in the limbs revealed no weakness. All limb and frontal release reflexes were normal.

You are a pathologist in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. You have been hearing about an increase in patients suffering from rapid neurodegeneration, muscle stiffness, and hallucinations from eating infected beef. Upon histological evaluation of one of these patients, you notice spongelike holes in the brain tissue sample and isolate a prion. What could this prion have caused in the patients?

Case study A, Question 1 Consider the following symptoms:  Difficulty writing by hand and with typing Blunted affect Bilateral bradykinesia For each of the symptoms above, state which of the six neuromotor components from class could cause it if damaged (nerves, direct motor pathway, indirect motor pathway, excitatory pathway, inhibitory pathway, cerebellum). Briefly justify your response, making reference to what that component does. Hint: some symptoms could result from damage to multiple components! Discuss ALL neuromotor components that could produce that symptom.  Note: some of these symptoms are a intentionally a bit vague! This is common, especially when patients describe their own symptoms. 

Case study B A 62-year-old man came to the emergency room with right facial weakness. He awoke in the morning with a “funny feeling” in his right eye and thought he might have conjunctivitis. He looked in the mirror and noticed his right face was drooping a little. He also thought his speech sounded slightly slurred, so he called his wife to confirm this. She told him to go to the emergency room and he complied. During examination he demonstrated intact corneal reflex (blink in response to touching the cornea) on both sides. His right eyebrow was slightly depressed, but his right lower face showed significant delay of movements with smile. Taste on both sides of the anterior tongue was intact in response to mustard or jam on a swab. Hearing was normal and he had a normal gag reflex with symmetrical palatal elevation. His speech sounded mildly slurred, but the patient reported that it sounded better than earlier in the day. Tongue protrusion deviated slightly to the right. Strength testing in the limbs revealed mild weakness in the right hand. All tendon reflexes (biceps, patellar, Achilles) were normal and there were no frontal release signs. 

Persistent infections can last from a few weeks to the remainder of the host’s life 

In an attempt to develop a new antiviral drug, which of the following parts of the virus life cycle be best to target to make the virus less infectious?

Viruses are always bigger than animal cells and bacteria.

Nous (3) (nager) tranquillement dans la mer. 

In the life cycle of dsDNA viruses, the virus’ DNA is replicated in the ___ of the host cell by the host’s own DNA polymerase most of the time.