In nonseismic areas, tied columns are used more extensively.

Because designers have little control over the arrangement of the bars in a circular column, the interaction diagram should be computed for the least favorable bar orientation.

Misalignment of columns from floor to floor can cause eccentricities in columns.

Misalignment of a load on a column will not produce a moment.

Determine the required splice length for the longitudinal bars in the following tied column. Assume that all of the longitudinal bars are in compression and that you will use a contact lap splice. Do not incorporate a reduction in length due to ACI 318-14 Section 10.7.5.2.1.Column width, b = 22 in.Column thickness, h = 20 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 14Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 8,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

In nonseismically active regions, over 95% of reinforced concrete columns in buildings are _______.

Determine the required splice length for the longitudinal bars in the following tied column. Assume that all of the longitudinal bars are in compression and that you will use a contact lap splice. Do not incorporate a reduction in length due to ACI 318-14 Section 10.7.5.2.1.Column width, b = 24 in.Column thickness, h = 14 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 10Size of longitudinal bars = No. 10Size of ties = No. 3Concrete strength = 8,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

Columns are typically built with different amounts of reinforcement in the two faces parallel to the axis of bending.

Determine the maximum axial strength φPn,max for the following circular spiral column.Column diameter, h = 26 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 10Size of longitudinal bars = No. 10Size of spirals = No. 3Concrete strength = 7,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of spirals = 60,000 psi

Determine the required splice length for the galvanized longitudinal bars in the following tied column made of normal-weight concrete. Assume that some of the longitudinal bars are in tension and that the connection should be designed as a Class B contact lap splice. Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to calculate the development length, and assume that the ties satisfy the Code minimum.Column width, b = 22 in.Column thickness, h = 12 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 12Size of longitudinal bars = No. 9Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 5,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi