(03.02, 03.03 HC)Using the excerpts, answer a, b, and c.”From the beginning of the controversy, the issue was representation, not taxation. Americans rejected out of hand arguments that the members of Parliament—men whom they had not elected—somehow represented the interests of colonists who lived 3,000 miles from London…British administrators had not anticipated such violent resistance, and in 1766 they reluctantly repealed the Stamp Act. They made it clear, however, that they would never again compromise with the colonists…The king and his advisors gave not an inch on the question of representation. Within a year, Parliament announced new schemes to tax the colonists.”Source: T.H. Breen, historian, “The Road to Revolution””Those accused of violating the Stamp Act would be tried in Admiralty Courts, which had no juries…The colonists protested that…it violated their right to trial by jury. Above all, however, they insisted that both acts levied taxes on them and that…Parliament had no right to tax the colonists because they had no representatives in the House of Commons.Several colonies unsuccessfully petitioned Parliament against the Sugar and Stamp Acts…What else could the colonists do? Allowing the Stamp Act to go into effect would create a precedent for new taxes, which Parliament would surely approve again and again because every tax on the Americans relieved them and their constituents of that financial burden.”Source: Pauline Maier, historian, “The American Revolution, 1763–1783” Briefly describe ONE important difference between Breen’s and Maier’s historical interpretations for the reasons behind the American colonists’ rejection of the British Parliament’s raising of taxes in the 1760s. Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development from the period 1754 to 1800 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Breen’s argument. Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development from the period 1754 to 1800 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Maier’s argument.

(05.03 MC)Question refers to the map below.Public DomainWhy were there four main candidates in the election shown on the map?

(05.03 MC)Question refers to the map below.Public DomainHow does this map illustrate the relationship between the election of 1860 and Southern secession?

(03.05 MC) Use the graph to answer the question that follows.At which point on the graph is the economy producing output in equilibrium at its maximum sustainable potential?

(02.06 MC)Use the graph to answer the question that follows.If the ice shop has only enough cocoa to make 4 gallons of chocolate ice cream, how many gallons of strawberry ice cream can the shop efficiently produce?

(05.01 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”We have not sought to extend our territorial possessions by conquest, or our republican institutions over a reluctant people. It was the deliberate homage of each people to the great principle of our federative union. If we consider the extent of territory involved in the annexation, its prospective influence on America, the means by which it has been accomplished, springing purely from the choice of the people themselves to share the blessings of our union, the history of the world may be challenged to furnish a parallel…We may rejoice that the tranquil and pervading influence of the American principle of self-government was sufficient to defeat the purposes of British and French interference…From this example European Governments may learn how vain diplomatic arts and intrigues must ever prove upon this continent against that system of self-government which seems natural to our soil, and which will ever resist foreign interference.”Source: James Polk, from the State of the Union Address, December 2, 1845Through the Mexican-American War that followed soon after these remarks, it is evident that “the people themselves” referred only to

(03.05 LC)What was the impact of early U.S. policies that encouraged westward migration in the early 1800s?

(04.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Cotton is the fabric of civilization. It has built up peoples, and has riven them apart. It has brought to the world vast and permanent wealth. It has enlisted the vision of statesmen, the genius of inventors, the courage of pioneers, the forcefulness of manufacturers, the initiative of merchants and shipbuilders, and the patient toil of many millions. A whole library could be written on the economic aspects of cotton alone. It could be told in detail, how and why the domination of the field of its manufacture passed from India to Spain, to Holland, and finally to England, which now shares it chiefly with the United States. The interdependence of nations which it has brought about has been the subject of numerous books and articles. Nor is the history of the inventions which have made possible today’s great production of cotton fabrics less impressive. From the unnamed Hindu genius of pre-Alexandrian days, through Arkwright and Eli Whitney, down to Jacquard and Northrop, the tale of cotton manufacture is a series of romances and tragedies, any one of which would be a story worth telling in detail. Yet, here is a work that is by no means finished. Great inventors who will apply their genius to the improvement of cotton growing and manufacture are still to be born.”Source: The Fabric of Civilization, 1919The role of cotton as the “fabric of civilization” was evident in which of the following in the early 1800s?

(03.06 MC) Assuming that the economy is initially in a long-run equilibrium, which one of the following scenarios would result from a sudden increase in aggregate demand in the short run?

(05.01 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”We have not sought to extend our territorial possessions by conquest, or our republican institutions over a reluctant people. It was the deliberate homage of each people to the great principle of our federative union. If we consider the extent of territory involved in the annexation, its prospective influence on America, the means by which it has been accomplished, springing purely from the choice of the people themselves to share the blessings of our union, the history of the world may be challenged to furnish a parallel…We may rejoice that the tranquil and pervading influence of the American principle of self-government was sufficient to defeat the purposes of British and French interference…From this example European Governments may learn how vain diplomatic arts and intrigues must ever prove upon this continent against that system of self-government which seems natural to our soil, and which will ever resist foreign interference.”Source: James Polk, from the State of the Union Address, December 2, 1845One effect of the sense of American superiority described in this excerpt was