Pablo is unknowingly infected with SARS-CoV-2 and decides to meet up with his friend Fari to go for a walk. Even though Pablo and Fari do not touch one another or any of the same inanimate objects on their walk, they do walk within about one foot of each for most of their 30 minute walk. Fari begins to show symptoms and tests positive for COVID-19 five days later. How would you classify this route of transmission? 

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell to communicate with other cells to prepare for attack by making antiviral proteins?

A 23-year-old female patient is experiencing symptoms typical of a urinary tract infection. She provides a urine sample using the “clean catch” method. The sample is cultured, and a Kirby-Bauer test is performed to test antibiotic susceptibility. Two antibiotics, Antibiotic A and Antibiotic B, have equal zones of inhibition. Your patient has no history of allergies to either medication and no other medical conditions. If the therapeutic index of Antibiotic A is 100 and the therapeutic index of the Antibiotic B is 5, answer the following questions: Which of these antibiotics would you prescribe to treat your patient’s UTI– Antibiotic A or B? (2 points) Why did you choose this antibiotic? (2 points) How is the therapeutic index calculated? (1 point)

FOR 2 BONUS POINTS: Immunity can be termed (1) active or passive AND (2) natural or artificial. Choose the two terms that fit each scenario below: A person receives an influenza vaccine (choose the correct 2 terms) A fetus receives antibodies from the maternal bloodstream in utero (choose the correct 2 terms)

Which of the following is a way a newborn acquires their normal biota? 

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls is ______.

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls is ______.

Which of the following is a way a newborn acquires their normal biota? 

FOR 4 BONUS POINTS: You made it to the end, and by now you definitely know the drill. It’s time to show off! Explain a concept you know really well from Unit 3. (Pro-tip: instead of saying something like, “I know about antibodies,” state what you know about antibodies like their structure or how they work to earn your bonus points.) Some concepts you could discuss are different types of physical or chemical controls against microbes, antimicrobial drug classes, prevalence vs. incidence of disease, components of the first line of defense, classic signs of inflammation, the lymphatic system, types of lymphocytes, different types of vaccines, or anything else we’ve covered in this unit. 

Which of the following classes of antibiotics targets DNA?