Which of the following is not a moral claim?

Sherlock Holmes notices a variety of clues: some cigar ash near the dead body; a size 9 footprint near the corpse; a knife with an “M”engraved on the handle. This leads him to believe that Moriarity is the killer. What kind of argument is Holmes using to reach this conclusion?

Taking an extreme member of an opposition group and treating them as representative of the group as a whole is the fallacy called . . . 

What best describes the fallacy committed in the following passage?Senator Evans thinks teens should be taught about contraception and practicing safe sex. This is what all the advocates of sex ed say. What they really mean is that kids should be able to have sex with no consequences.

Which of the following is not part of the state of affairs (the phenomenon) being explained in the following explanation? Brost has a fever and a terrible cough.  He aches all over.  He looks terrible. He must have the flu.

What is the conclusion of the following argument? Forty-five patients were admitted to Mercy Hospital for pneumonia in December. They were all given standard treatment for pneumonia. After five days, thirty of them were well enough to go home. The other fifteen, however, somehow acquired other infections and were not well enough to be released for fourteen days. The only relevant factor common to these fifteen is that they all stayed in the same ward (different from the ward that the other group stayed in). Seems like the prolonged illness was due to staying in that particular ward. 

It is impossible to prove a scientific theory through sucessful predictions.  That is, it is not possible to establish a scientific theory with a valid deductive argument the way you can prove a mathematical theorem.   Which of the following represent the logic of confirming a scientific hypothesis (H) with predicted consequences (C)? 

The textbook explains that it is possible to reject a scientific hypothesis through testing, although it is impossible to prove one in this way.  Which of the following represent the logic of disconfirming a scientific hypothesis (H) with predicted consequences (C)? 

Which of the following are logically possible?

Which of the following is physically possible?